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Pneumatic Valve

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What is a Pneumatic Valve?

 

 

A pneumatic valve is a device that controls the flow of air or other gases in a pneumatic system. They are also known as directional control valves. Pneumatic valves work by controlling the air or gas at the source and regulating its passage into pipes, tubing, or devices. They can also control the flow of air in one direction but not another.

 

How Does a a Pneumatic Valve Work?

 

 

Pneumatic control valves can decrease pressure in a controlled manner with the help of actuators and positioners with a controller to pilot them. Controllers are able to sense the pressure fluctuations and they can regulate the air supply signal to the pneumatic positioner. A pneumatic positioner would supply air to the diaphragm opening a valve. Springs are utilized as an opposing force causing the valves to close upon loss of or a reduction of air pressure applied on the diaphragm. Pneumatic control valves are widely used in many industries.

 
Pneumatic Valve Common Specifications
1

Operating Pressure or Pressure Range: The amount of pressure or range of pressures (for example in psi, Bars, or Pa) which the valve is rated to handle.

2

Operating Medium: The types of media that the valve can safely control. In most cases, this will be compressed air.

3

   Flow Capacity or Flow Coefficient: A measure of the capacity of the valve to move or flow air through it, with the flow coefficient (Cv) representing the proportionality constant between the flow rate and  the differential pressure.

4

Cycle Rate: The maximum number of valve cycles at which the valve can operate per unit of time.

5

Response Time: The amount of time required for the valve to switch states or positions once actuated.

6

Port Size: The physical dimensional parameters that define the port sizes on the valve and the thread style.

7

Coil Rated Voltage: For electrically actuated valves, a measure of the maximum voltage that can be sustained by the actuation coil and may be rated in DC and AC volts.

 

 

The Common Types of Pneumatic Valve

Pneumatic Three-Way High Pressure Explosion Ball Valve

Electromagnetic Pneumatic Valve

Electromagnetic pneumatic valves are controlled by magnetic fields on coils and solenoid. Their working principle is quite simple. Current from an external electrical source is supplied to the coils. Interaction between the magnetic field in the coils and in solenoid makes the valve stem move.

Three-Piece Ball Valve

Pneumatically Operated Valve

Pneumatically operated valves are typically controlled by the same stream of compressed air that operates in the pneumatic system. Its presence or absence affects their work in certain conditions.

Electric Rotary Valve Actuator

Mechanical Pneumatic Valve

Mechanical pneumatic valves are driven by mechanical force, for example, using a lever. There are many options, for example in 90-degree steps or a quarter turn versions. Most often, they perform simple tasks (opening/closing).

The Advantages of Pneumatic Valve
Pneumatic PTFE Lined Plug Valve

Simple and Reliable

Pneumatic valves are easy to install and operate, requiring minimal training and maintenance. The technology is also very stable and reliable, making it an ideal choice for processes that must run 24×7.

Pneumatic Fluorine Lined Ball Valve

Energy-efficient

Compared to some of its counterparts, such as electric valves, pneumatic valves use less electricity, making them more cost-effective and energy-efficient.

Electric Actuator Ball Valve

Cost-effective

In addition to being energy-efficient, pneumatic valves are generally cost-effective compared to other types of valves. They are also durable and easy to repair, with minimal maintenance required.

Odl Electric PVC Plastic Ball Valve

Wide Range of Compatibility

Pneumatic valves are compatible with multiple fluids and can also be used in various industries, from manufacturing to HVAC, to name but a few. This flexibility makes pneumatic valves the go-to option for a wide range of applications.

 

Pneumatic Valve Housing Materials

Industrial Grade Plastics (Like PVC and Nylon)

Plastic valves are lightweight, durable, and cost-effective. The material is suitable for pneumatic applications involving air and corrosive chemicals. But plastic valves have a low pressure and temperature rating compared to brass and stainless steel valves.

Aluminum

Aluminum is a lightweight metal that has approximately one-third the weight of steel. Aluminum is corrosion-resistant to atmospheric gases and hence suitable for pneumatic valve applications. The material is mainly used to construct the exterior components of the pneumatic valve, like the identification tags or handwheels.

Stainless Steel (304/316)

Stainless steel is a very durable and resilient material, but it is more expensive than brass. Valves made out of stainless steel effectively resist leaks, and these valves can be operated at very high temperatures when compared to brass. Stainless steel is corrosion-resistant and lasts much longer compared to brass, and it is an ideal choice for high temperature and high-pressure pneumatic applications. Stainless steel is commonly used in the pneumatic valve bodies and trim materials like seats, discs, and wedges.

Brass

Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc, and it is an excellent forgeable and robust material. Brass is used in pneumatic applications involving non-corrosive gases. The material can withstand more heat compared to PVC but comes at a higher price. Brass can be easily welded, and it is more versatile when compared to stainless steel. Brass is commonly used to construct pneumatic valve bodies and end pieces.

 

Pneumatic Valve Seal Materials

 

Heavy Duty Scotch Yoke Type Pneumatic Actuator Single Acting

NBR (Nitrile-butadiene Rubber)

NBR has good resistance to compression and general wear and tear but is highly sensitive to weather changes. NBR is suitable for air and inert gasses but has poor resistance to ozone, ammonia, and steam. NBR seals can provide continuous sealing for gaseous media only at low temperatures compared to the sealing properties of FKM.

Double Acting Heavy Duty Scotch Yoke Type Pneumatic Actuator

FKM (Viton)

FKM is typically used to manufacture O rings, gaskets, and seals for pneumatic valves. FKM seals have excellent resistance to the media, aging, and ozone. FKM is suitable for medium-high temperature pneumatic applications and has higher thermal resistance than PTFE. Also, FKM has superior strength, sealing capabilities, and flexibility when compared to PTFE. The material has excellent overall chemical resistance making it suitable for gaseous fuels, and the material shows more chemical resistance universally compared to NBR.

Heavy Duty Pneumatic Pinch Valve

PTFE (Teflon)

PTFE is suitable for high temperature and pressure pneumatic applications. The material is non-elastic and has good resistance to wear and tear abrasion and most chemicals. PTFE offers superior resistance to gaseous chemicals as compared to FKM.

 

 

The Applications of Pneumatic Valve

Pneumatic PVC Ball Valve

Oil and Gas

Pneumatically operated valves are used to control the flow of oil and gas in pipelines, refining processes, and storage systems.
Pneumatic Flange Ball Valve

Automotive

Pneumatic actuators are used in engine control, transmission control, and braking systems.
Pneumatic Plastic Ball Valve

Manufacturing

Solenoid valves are used to control airflow in a pneumatic system.
Pneumatic Flange Ball Valve

Chemical Processing

In chemical plants, these stainless steel valves regulate the flow of a wide variety of chemicals. Their ability to withstand harsh conditions and corrosive substances makes them a popular choice.
Pneumatic Two Piece Ball Valve

Water Treatment

Pneumatically operated valves are used in water treatment facilities for controlling the flow of water and other substances during various stages of treatment. Their reliability and ease of automation make them ideal for this application.
Pneumatic Thread Ball Valve

Food and Beverage Industry

These valves are used in various stages of food and beverage production, from ingredient mixing to packaging. They are often chosen for their ability to be cleaned in place (CIP) and sterilized in place (SIP), which are crucial in maintaining hygiene standards.
Pneumatic Actuated Three Pieces Ball Valve

Pharmaceutical Industry

In pharmaceutical manufacturing, pneumatically operated valves are used to control the flow of ingredients, solutions, and finished products. Their ability to offer precise control and meet stringent hygiene standards makes them suitable for this industry.
Pneumatic Stainless Steel Ball Valve

Power Generation

In power plants, these valves are used to control the flow of steam, water, and other fluids. They are often part of safety systems, helping to prevent overpressure situations and ensure the safe operation of the plant.

 

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Ultimate Guide for Pneumatic Valve

Q: How do I choose a pneumatic valve?

A: There are five basic requirements to consider:
Media.
Method of Valve Actuation.
Spring-Return Valve or Detented Actuation Valve.
Pneumatic Valve Configuration.
Flow Capacity (Valve Size).

Q: What are the four classifications of pneumatic control valves?

A: Pneumatic valves with two-way directional control.
Pneumatic valves with three-way directional control.
Pneumatic valves with four-way directional control.
Pneumatic spring offset valves.

Q: What is the most common pneumatic valve?

A: Among the most common types of valves that are found in pneumatic systems, four-way directional valves have four ports that effectively reverse the motion of a basic or motor cylinder.

Q: What is a 5 3 pneumatic valve?

A: A 5/3-way valve has five ports and three states. They have two solenoids that each can control a valve state. If no solenoid is energized, the valve returns to the central state.

Q: How much pressure does a pneumatic valve need?

A: Always Pneumatic Shutdown valve actuators are sized for minimum pressure 5.5 BARG, (80 psig).

Q: Why do pneumatic valves fail?

A: Foreign or abrasive debris in the pipeline. Material incompatibility with the product being processes. Incorrect assembly, installation, or maintenance procedures performed on valve. Water or foreign debris in plant airline may cause pneumatic actuator failure.

Q: What is the difference between 5 2 and 5 3 pneumatic valves?

A: With a 5/2 valve, a movement can therefore be fully pneumatic. Finally, the 5/3 valve has the same number of ports as the 5/2 version, but an additional switching position. This so-called "middle position" offers the control system an additional position when no actuating signals are applied.

Q: What is the difference between 3 way and 4 way pneumatic valves?

A: A 3-way valve allows fluid flow to an actuator in one position and exhausts the fluid from it in the other position. Some 3-way valves have a third position that blocks flow at all ports. A double-acting actuator requires a 4-way valve. A 4-way valve pressurizes and exhausts two ports interdependently.

Q: What is another name for a pneumatic valve?

A: An air-operated valve, also known as a pneumatic valve, is a type of power-operated pipe valve that uses air pressure to perform a function similar to a solenoid.

Q: What is a 5-way pneumatic valve?

A: This valve allows pneumatic control of position, flow, pressure and temperature. This valve is a 5/2 valve which means it has 5 ports; two 1/8" exhaust ports through which air is regulated as it flows out, two 1/4" power ports that power the system, 1/4" supply port for the inlet of air pressure, and 2 flow positions.

Q: What is a 4 2 pneumatic valve?

A: A 4-way 2 position valve is known as a 4/2. These valves are common in double acting cylinder applications where they are always supplying pressure to one side of the cylinder while venting the opposite side to atmosphere.

Q: What are the configurations of pneumatic valves?

A: Configurations for pneumatic valves that are commonly used include 5/3, 5/2, 4/2, 3/2, and 2/2. Pneumatic valves can be spring offset or detented. In spring-offset valves, the valve will return to the starting state or condition when any actuation is removed.

Q: What are the port numbers for pneumatic valves?

A: Pneumatic valves are typically created with three port numbers: 3, 4, and 5. 3-port valves are considered 3-way valves that can control a single cylinder port. Valves with 4 ports can control two-cylinder ports with the help of a single common exhaust port. 5-port variants allow for individual exhaust ports.

Q: How do you classify pneumatic valves?

A: The pneumatic valves can be classified according to the type of actuators they use. They can be equipped with electromagnetic, air-powered, or mechanical actuators. Solenoid valves respond to an electric signal by opening and closing. They regulate airflow in a pneumatic system and liquid flow in a hydraulic system.

Q: What is the flow pattern of a pneumatic valve?

A: The flow paths for an unactuated valve are inlet to cylinder 2 and cylinder 1 to exhaust. When actuated, the inlet is connected to cylinder 1 and cylinder 2 is connected to exhaust. Four-way poppet valves have one exhaust port which is shared by all cylinder ports.

Q: What is another name for a pneumatic valve?

A: A pneumatic valve, commonly referred to as a directional control valve blocks or diverts the flow of compressed air or other gases within a system. These valves are used to drive other components such as an actuator, gripper, hand tool or other device and are also used to pilot other valves.

Q: What does the number 1 or letter P in a pneumatic valve indicate?

A: Different manufacturers label valve ports with different letters, but the labels at right are fairly standard. “P” represents the pressure inlet port, “A” and “B” are outlets (generally plumbed to the 'extend' and 'retract' ports on a cylinder), and “R” and “S” indicate the exhaust ports.

Q: Do pneumatic valves need electricity?

A: Pneumatic actuators rely on compressed air or gas as the primary power source. These actuators don't require a motor, but electricity is necessary when paired with an integral solenoid valve which is commonly referred to as a pilot valve. Remote piloting can also be achieved utilizing the air supply port(s).

Q: What is a pneumatic safety valve?

A: Pneumatic safety valves control air pressure in compressed air/pneumatic systems. These pressure-relief valves allow excess pressure to escape by opening when a threshold pressure is reached, preventing damage to equipment or possible injury to workers.

Q: What is the difference between control valve and pneumatic valve?

A: The biggest difference between these two kinds of valves is that the control valve needs external energy (such as a power supply or gas source) as the driving force, and the relative position of the interceptor in the valve is changed by controlling the instrument signal, so as to change the flow rate.

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Pneumatic globe valve, Pneumatic Stainless Steel Diaphragm Valve, Pneumatic Plug Valve

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